中考英语语法专题详解五:形容词、副词

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  形容词是说明事物的性质或特征的的修饰名词,下面就是小编给大家带来的中考英语语法专题详解五:形容词、副词,希望能帮助到大家!oXg本库

  专题五 形容词、副 词oXg本库

  一、形容词oXg本库

  1、 形容词概述oXg本库

  形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。大部分形容词直接说明事物的性质或特征,有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot 热的,beautiful美丽的。有的形容词只能作表语,没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。例如:afraid害怕的,asleep睡着的。oXg本库

  2、 形容词的用法oXg本库

  1)作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前面。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为词尾的词语即复合不定代词时,要放在这些词之后。oXg本库

  例如:What an interesting movie it is! 多有趣的一部电影啊!oXg本库

  There is nothing interesting in today’s newspaper.今天的报纸没有什么有趣的内容。oXg本库

  2)作表语放在系动词后面。oXg本库

  例如:The food smells delicious. 食物闻起来很香。oXg本库

  3)位于宾语后做宾语补足语。oXg本库

  例如:You must keep your classroom clean and tidy.你们必须保持教室干净整洁。oXg本库

  4)少数形容词只能作表语,如:afraid, asleep, awake, alone, alive, well(健康的),ill,sorry,glad,sure,pleased等。oXg本库

  例如:He is alone in the classroom.他独自在教室。oXg本库

  She has been asleep for three hours.她睡了三个小时了。oXg本库

  5)某些形容词之前加上冠词the表示一类人,如 the rich, the poor, the young, the old, the deaf, the blind, the living, the dead, the hungry等。oXg本库

  例如:The rich should help the poor. 富人应该帮助穷人。oXg本库

  The young should be polite to the old.年轻人对老年人应该有礼貌。oXg本库

  二、副词oXg本库

  1、 副词概述oXg本库

  副词主要用来修饰动词,形容词,其他副词或句子。oXg本库

  2、 副词的分类和用法oXg本库

  1) 时间副词:如now,today,yesterday,soon等,在句子中担任时间状语,是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。oXg本库

  例如:There is going to be a class meeting tomorrow.明天将有一个班会。oXg本库

  They visited the aquarium yesterday. 他们昨天参观了水族馆。oXg本库

  2) 频度副词:如sometimes,often, always, usually等,在句子中担任时间状语,是决定动词时态的主要依据之一。oXg本库

  例如:They have never seen each other before.他们以前从未见过面。oXg本库

  What do you usually do on weekends?你们周末通常做什么?oXg本库

  3) 地点副词:如here, there, home, somewhere, anywhere,outside等,在句子中担任地点状语。oXg本库

  例如:I have looked for my pen everywhere, but I can’t find it anywhere.我到处找了我的钢笔,但哪儿都没看见。oXg本库

  4) 方式副词:如slowly, quickly, fast, luckily, easily等,在句子中担任方式状语。这类副词大都由“形容词+ly”构成。oXg本库

  例如:Please speak more slowly so that we can hear you clearly.请慢点说以便我们能够听清楚你说的内容。oXg本库

  5) 程度副词:如very, quite, rather, too, much, so等,在句子中修饰形容词或其他副词,作状语。oXg本库

  例如:It’s much too hot in Changsha these days.这些天长沙太热了。oXg本库

  The little boy can play the guitar very well.这小男孩吉他弹得非常好。oXg本库

  6) 疑问副词:如when, where, why, how, how long, how soon, how often, how far,how old等,放在句首构成特殊疑问句。oXg本库

  例如:How soon will your father be back home? 你爸过多久回到家?oXg本库

  How often do you go to the movie? 你们隔多久看一次电影?oXg本库

  7) 关系副词:如when, where, why, how等,用来引导相关从句。oXg本库

  例如:What were you doing when the UFO landed? UFO着陆时你在干什么?oXg本库

  I ‘d like to go somewhere where people are friendly. 我想去人们友好的地方。oXg本库

  3、副词的位置oXg本库

  总的来说,很多副词的位置比较灵活,在句子开头、中间、结尾都可以。但是请注意下面几点:oXg本库

  1)频度副词作状语时放在be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,行为动词之前。oXg本库

  例如:He is never late for school.他上学从不迟到。oXg本库

  He usually goes to see his grandparents on Saturday. 他通常周六去看望爷爷奶奶。oXg本库

  2)enough修饰形容词或副词时要放在被修饰词的后面。oXg本库

  例如:The little boy isn’t old enough to go to school. 小男孩没到上学的年龄。oXg本库

  He ran fast enough to catch the thief. 他跑得够快,抓住了小偷。oXg本库

  三、形容词和副词的比较等级oXg本库

  1、 形容词和副词比较等级的构成oXg本库

  绝大多数形容词和副词有三个等级:原级(原形)、比较级和最高级,他们的构成规则大致相同。列表如下:oXg本库

  表一:规则变化oXg本库

构成方法oXg本库

原级oXg本库

比较级oXg本库

最高级oXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

单音节oXg本库

词和少oXg本库

数双音oXg本库

节词oXg本库

一般直接在词尾加-er,-estoXg本库

talloXg本库

shortoXg本库

talleroXg本库

shorteroXg本库

tallestoXg本库

shortestoXg本库

以不发音的e结尾的加-er,-stoXg本库

niceoXg本库

largeoXg本库

niceroXg本库

largeroXg本库

nicestoXg本库

largestoXg本库

以辅音字母加y结尾的,先改y为i,再加-er,-estoXg本库

heavyoXg本库

earlyoXg本库

heavieroXg本库

earlieroXg本库

heaviestoXg本库

earliestoXg本库

以重读闭音节结尾、且词尾只有一个辅音字母的,先双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-estoXg本库

oXg本库

thinoXg本库

bigoXg本库

oXg本库

thinneroXg本库

biggeroXg本库

oXg本库

thinnestoXg本库

biggestoXg本库

多音节词和部分双音节词(尤其是带词缀的双音节词)oXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

在原级前加more,mostoXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

interestingoXg本库

importantoXg本库

quicklyoXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

more interestingoXg本库

more importantoXg本库

more quicklyoXg本库

oXg本库

oXg本库

most interestingoXg本库

most importantoXg本库

most quicklyoXg本库

原级oXg本库

比较级oXg本库

最高级oXg本库

good, welloXg本库

betteroXg本库

bestoXg本库

many, muchoXg本库

moreoXg本库

mostoXg本库

bad,ill, badlyoXg本库

worseoXg本库

worstoXg本库

littleoXg本库

lessoXg本库

leastoXg本库

faroXg本库

farther较远(字面意义)oXg本库

further进一步(引申意义)oXg本库

farthest最远(字面意义)oXg本库

furthest最大限度(引申意义)oXg本库

oldoXg本库

older年纪较大的(用于比较级)oXg本库

elder较年长的(只用作定语)oXg本库

oldest年纪最大的(用于最高级)oXg本库

eldest最年长的(只用作定语)oXg本库

  2、形容词、副词比较级和最高级的用法oXg本库

  1)两者之间进行比较用比较级。其常见句子结构为:A +谓语动词+比较级+than+B。oXg本库

  例如:This tree is taller than that one.这棵树比那棵树高。oXg本库

  Lily has more friends than I. 莉莉比我朋友多。oXg本库

  Tom runs faster than Jim. 汤姆比吉姆跑得快。oXg本库

  注:可以用程度副词a little, a lot, a bit, much, even, still, far等修饰比较级,表示比较的程度差异。oXg本库

  例如:It is much hotter in Changsha than that in Beijing in summer.长沙的夏天比北京的夏天热得多。oXg本库

  He studies English a lot harder than the other students in his class.他学英语比班上其他同学努力得多。oXg本库

  2)在三者或三者以上的人或物之间进行比较时用最高级,形容词最高级前必须加定冠词the,副词最高级前the可加可不加,句子中常有in或of短语来表示比较的范围。其常见句子结构为:A+谓语动词+the+最高级+比较范围。oXg本库

  例如:Changjiang is the longest river in China.长江是中国最长的河流。oXg本库

  Rruce runs fastest of the three. 布鲁斯是三个人中跑得最快的。oXg本库

  3)表示A和B在某一方面相同或不及时用同级比较。其常见句型为:A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B。其否定结构为:A+谓语动词(not)+as/so+原级+as+B。oXg本库

  例如:English is as important as Chinese.英语和语文一样重要。oXg本库

  Math is not as interesting as History. 数学不如历史有趣味。oXg本库

  He speaks English as well as Chinese. 他英语和汉语说得一样好。oXg本库

  She doesn’t do her homework as carefully as her brother.她做作业不如她哥哥细心。oXg本库

  4)选择疑问句比较级和最高级的句型分别为:“疑问词+谓语动词+比较级,A or B?”和“疑问词+谓语动词+最高级,A,B or C?”oXg本库

  例如:Which is bigger, the sun or the earth?太阳或地球,哪个更大?oXg本库

  Which is the biggest, the sun, the earth or the moon? 太阳、地球或月亮,哪个最大?oXg本库

  Who plays soccer better, David or Martin?戴维或马丁,谁足球踢得更好?oXg本库

  Who plays soccer best, David, Martin or Bill?戴维、马丁或比尔,谁足球踢得最好?oXg本库

  5)表示“越……就越……”时,其句型为“the +比较级,the+比较级”。oXg本库

  例如:The more trees, the better. 树木越多越好。oXg本库

  The harder you study, the better grades you will get. 学习越努力,成绩就越好。oXg本库

  6)表示“越来越……”时,用比较级的叠加形式,即:比较级+ and+比较级。oXg本库

  例如:It’s getting hotter and hotter. 天气越来越热了。oXg本库

  The city is becoming more and more beautiful. 城市越来越漂亮了。oXg本库

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