小升初英语考试必背词语辨析与词组

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小升初英语考试必背词语辨析与词组1Pw本库

众所周知,在英语考试中,很多词语容易被大家混淆,小升初考试题考查词语辨析主要是每组词或短语之间的细小差别,是为了检测同学们辨别词形和运用词汇的能力,小编整理了相关资料,希望能帮助到您。1Pw本库

小升初英语考试必背词语辨析20组1Pw本库

小升初英语必背词语辨析20组1Pw本库

词语辨析集中在对实词,即对名词动词、形容词、副词等的考查,主要考查同义、近义、形近词汇的辨析以及词组与习惯用法的辨析。1Pw本库

1.after, in1Pw本库

这两个介词都可以表示“……(时间)以后”的意思?1Pw本库

after 以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间之后,常用于过去时态的句子中?如:She went after three days。 她是三天以后走的?1Pw本库

in 以现在为起点,表将来一段时间以后,常用于将来时态的句子中?如:She will go in three days。 她三天以后要走?1Pw本库

2. how long, how often, how soon1Pw本库

how long指多长时间,主要用来对一段时间(如three days, four weeks 等)提问?如:How long ago was it? 这是多久前的事了?1Pw本库

how often指每隔多久,主要用来对频率副词或状语(如once a week等)提问?如:—How often does he come here? —Once a month。 他(每隔)多久来一次?每月一次?1Pw本库

how soon指再过多久,主要用来对表示将来的一段时间(in an hour, in two weeks 等)提问?如:How soon can you come? 你多快能赶来?1Pw本库

3. few, a few, little, a little, several, some1Pw本库

few 和little的意思是否定的,表示“很少”或“几乎没有”;而a few和a little的意思是肯定的,表示“有一些,有一点儿”?1Pw本库

few 和 a few修饰可数名词;little 和 a little 修饰不可数名词?1Pw本库

several用于修饰可数名词,语意比a few和some更肯定,含有“好几个”的意思?1Pw本库

some可修饰可数名词,也可修饰不可数名词,从数量上说,它有时相当于a few 或 a little,有时指更多一些的数量?1Pw本库

4.the other, another1Pw本库

the other 指两个人或事物中的“另一个”,表示特指?如:We stood on one side of the road and they stood on the other。 我们站在街这边,他们站在那边?1Pw本库

another着重于不定数目中的“另外一个”,表示泛指,所以常用来指至少三个中的一个?如:She has taken another of my books。 她已经拿了我的另外一本书?1Pw本库

5. spend, take, cost, pay1Pw本库

spend的宾语通常是时间?金钱?在主动语态中,句子的主语必须是人,而且后面不能用动词不定式做它的宾语?如:She spent the whole evening in reading。 她把整个晚上用来读书?1Pw本库

take常常用来指“花费”时间,句子的主语通常是表示事物的词语?如:How long will this job take you?你做这项工作要花多长时间?1Pw本库

cost 指花费时间?金钱或力气等,只能用表示事物的词做主语,并且不能用于被动语态?如:How much does the jacket cost?这件夹克多少钱?1Pw本库

pay 主要指主语(某人)买某物(或为某事)付多少钱(给某人)?如:I pay for my rooms by month。 我按月支付租金?1Pw本库

6. speak, say, talk, tell1Pw本库

这四个动词都有“说”的意思?speak的意思是“讲话;演讲”,着重指说话的动作,指开口说或连续不断地说,多用作不及物动词;用作及物动词时,其宾语是语言名称?如:He can speak Japanese。 他会说日语?1Pw本库

say的意思是“说;讲”,一般用作及物动词,着重指说话的内容?它的宾语可以是名词?代词或直接引语等?如:She says, “Don’t draw on the wall!”她说:“别在墙上画画!”1Pw本库

talk的意思是“说;讲;谈话”,与speak意义比较接近,但不如speak正式,着重强调两人之间的相互谈话,也可指单方面的谈话?如:She is talking with John in English。她正在和约翰用英语交谈?1Pw本库

tell意为“告诉;讲述;吩咐”,多指以口头方式将某事告诉某人,常接双宾语?除了story, news, truth, joke, lie(谎言)等直接宾语外,还可以接人等间接宾语?如:She is telling the children a story。她正在给孩子们讲故事?1Pw本库

7. among, between1Pw本库

between 的意思是“在……中间,在……之间”,一般指在两者之间?如:There is a table between two windows。 在两扇窗户之间有一张桌子?between 有时也表示在多于两个以上的事物之间,但那是指在每二者之间?如:the relationship between different provinces and municiplities 省市和省市之间的关系(这里是指每两个省市之间的相互关系?)1Pw本库

among 的意思是“在……中间?在……之中”,一般指在三个或三个以上的同类事物之中?如:The teacher distributed them among the students。 老师把这些东西分给了学生?1Pw本库

8. beat, win1Pw本库

这两个词都有“获胜,打败”的意思,但其后宾语不同?beat是“打败,优于”的意思,后面接人或队?如:We beat them。 我们打败了他们?1Pw本库

win指“赢,获胜”,后面接比赛?名次?如:We won the match/game/race/the first place。 我们赢了这场比赛(获得了第一名)?1Pw本库

9. agree with, agree on, agree to1Pw本库

agree on表示“就……取得一致意见”?如:We all agree on (making) an early start。 我们一致同意及早出发?1Pw本库

agree with表示“与……意见一致”,后面既可以跟表示人的名词或人称代词,也可以跟表示意见?看法的名词或what引导的从句?如:I agree with you without reservation。我毫无保留地同意你的意见?We agree with what you said just now。我们同意你刚才所说的意见?1Pw本库

agree to后面不能接人,只能接“提议,计划,方案”等词句?如:I agree to the terms proposed。 我同意拟议的条件?1Pw本库

10. bring, take, carry,fetch1Pw本库

这四个词都是动词,都含有“带”或“拿”的意思,但使用的场合各不相同?1Pw本库

bring作“带来,拿来”解?如:Next time don’t forget to bring me a copy of your work。 下次不要忘了把一份你的作品带给我?1Pw本库

take是bring的对语,作“带去,拿去”解?如:Take the box away, please。 请把盒子拿走?想学习更多英语知识,请关注口袋英语aikoudaiyy1Pw本库

carry表示“运载,携带”之意,运送的方式很多,可以用车?船,也可以用手甚至用头?如:This bus is licensed to carry 100 passengers。 这辆巴士准载一百人?1Pw本库

fetch则表示“去拿来”的意思?如:Please fetch me the documents in that room。 请到那间房间去把文件拿来给我?1Pw本库

11. each, every1Pw本库

两词都是“每个”的意思,但着重点不同?each着重个别的情况,every着重全体,有“所有的”的意思?如:She knows each student of the class。她认识这个班里的每一个学生?She knows every student of the class。她认识这个班所有的学生?1Pw本库

12. no one, none1Pw本库

no one指“没有人(只能指人,不能用来指物)”,意思与nobody相同,作主语时不必跟of连用,如:No one believes him since he is not honest。 没有人相信他,因为他不诚实?No one else but I went。 除我以外,谁也没去?1Pw本库

none指“一个也没有(既可指人,也可指物)”,作主语时代替不可数名词,谓语动词用单数形式;代替可数名词,谓语动词用单?复数都可以?但在 “主+系+表”结构中,如果表语为复数,则系动词要用复数形式?如:None of us are(is) afraid of difficulties。 我们谁也不怕困难?1Pw本库

13. go on doing, go on to do, go on with1Pw本库

这三个动词短语都有“继续做某事”的意思,其区别如下:go on doing表示“继续做,一直在做某事(中间无间断)”;go on to do表示“接着做某事”,即某事已做完,接着做另一件事;go on with也表示“继续做某事”,其含义是某一动作一度中止后,又继续下去?1Pw本库

14.too much, much too1Pw本库

二者都有“太,非常”之意,much too为副词词组,修饰形容词?副词,不可修饰动词?如:It’s much too cold。天气实在是太冷了?1Pw本库

too much作“太多”讲,有以下三种用法?1Pw本库

(1)作名词词组?如:You have given us too much。 你给我们的太多了?1Pw本库

(2)作形容词词组修饰不可数名词?如:Don’t drink too1Pw本库

much wine。 不要饮太多的酒?1Pw本库

(3)作副词词组修饰不及物动词?如:She talks too much。 她说话太多?1Pw本库

15. lonely, alone1Pw本库

二者都可表示“孤独,独自”,alone指客观存在的“孤独”,而lonely更偏重一种主观感受上的“寂寞”?如:I went alone。 我是一个人去的?Mary lived alone, but she didn’t feel lonely。 玛丽孤身一人生活,但她并不感到孤独?1Pw本库

16. happen, take place与occur1Pw本库

happen有“偶然”的意思,多用于客观事物?情况的发生?如:Whatever has happened to your arm? It’s all swollen。 你的手臂怎么了?肿得好厉害。1Pw本库

occur 指有计划地使某些事“发生”?有时强调“呈现”于人的知觉中?如:Did it occur to you to phone them about it?你难道没想到就这事给他们打个电话?1Pw本库

具体事物?事件作主语时,happen和occur可以通用?如:The accident happened/occurred yesterday。 事故是昨天发生的?1Pw本库

take place 指事件发生,但常用来表示“举行”的意思,带有非偶然性?例如:The meeting took place last night。会议昨晚举行?1Pw本库

17. in front of, in the front of1Pw本库

in front of的意思是“在……前面”?如:There is a tree in front of the house。房子前面有一棵树?1Pw本库

in the front of的意思是“在……前部”,指在某个空间范围内的前面?如:There is a blackboard in the front of the classroom。 教室里前部有一块黑板?1Pw本库

18. find, find out1Pw本库

两者都有“发现”的意思,但语义有差别?find有偶然发现某物的意味?如:He found a bag on the floor。 他发现地板上有个书包?1Pw本库

find out指“经过,探听,询问”,指调查之后的“发现”或“弄清楚”?如:Please find out who took my book by mistake。请查清楚谁错拿了我的书?1Pw本库

19. noise, voice, sound1Pw本库

这三个词都作“声音”解,在表示“听到声音”这个意思时,三者可以通用?但它们又各有特定的含义?1Pw本库

sound 作“声音”解,含义最广,指可以听到的任何声音,如:a weak sound 微弱的声?1Pw本库

noise作“噪音,嘈杂声,吵闹声”解,指不悦耳,不和谐的声音?它既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词?如:Another kind of pollution is noise。 另外一种污染是噪音?1Pw本库

voice 作“声音”解时,多指人发出的声音,包括说话声?歌声和笑声?如:He shouted at the top of voice。 他高声呼喊?有时也用于引申意义,作“意见?发言权”解?如:I have no voice in the matter。 对于这件事,我没有发言权?1Pw本库

20. arrive, get, reach1Pw本库

三者均可表示“到达”,arrive后通常接介词at(一般用于较小的地方)或 in(一般用于较大的地方)?如:We arrived at the station five minutes late。 我们晚了5分钟到车站?又如:They will arrive in Paris next Monday。 他们将于下周星期一到达巴黎。1Pw本库

get之后通常接介词to?如:When we got to the park, it began to rain。 我们到达公园时,就开始下雨了。1Pw本库

reach是及物动词(较 get更正式),其后可直接跟地点名词做宾语(不能用介词)?如:He reached Beijing yesterday。 他昨天到达北京。1Pw本库

小升初考试必须掌握的词组1Pw本库

1. a bit (of) 有一点儿1Pw本库

2. a couple of 两三个;一对1Pw本库

3. a group of 一组;一群1Pw本库

4. a kind of 一种; 一类1Pw本库

5. a lot of=lots of 许多1Pw本库

6. a pair of 一双; 一对;一副1Pw本库

7. a piece of 一块/张/片/件1Pw本库

8. according to 按照;根据1Pw本库

9. after all 终究,毕竟1Pw本库

10. after school 放学后1Pw本库

11. agree with sb 同意某人的意见1Pw本库

12. all day (long) 整天1Pw本库

13. all over 到处1Pw本库

14. all right 行了;好吧;(病)好了1Pw本库

15. all the same 还是, 仍然1Pw本库

16. all the time 一直1Pw本库

17. all the way 一路上1Pw本库

18. and so on 等等1Pw本库

19. apologize to sb. for sth. 为某事向某人道歉1Pw本库

20. arrive at/in a place 到达某地1Pw本库

21. as well 也;又1Pw本库

22. ask for 请求; 寻求1Pw本库

23. at breakfast/lunch/supper 早/午/晚餐时1Pw本库

24. at first/last 起先;开始的时候/ 最后;终于1Pw本库

25. at home 在家(里)1Pw本库

26. at least/most 至少/ 至多1Pw本库

27. at once 立刻;马上1Pw本库

28. at present 现在, 目前1Pw本库

29. at school 在学校;在上课1Pw本库

30. at the moment 此刻,目前; 那时,当时1Pw本库

31. at the same time 同时1Pw本库

32. at work 在工作1Pw本库

33. at/on weekends 在周末1Pw本库

34. be able to 能够1Pw本库

35. be afraid of 害怕1Pw本库

36. be angry with sb. 生某人的气1Pw本库

37. be bad for 有害于1Pw本库

38. be born 出生1Pw本库

39. be busy with/doing sth. 忙于做某事1Pw本库

40. be careful with 小心1Pw本库

41. be covered with 被……覆盖1Pw本库

42. be different from 与……不同1Pw本库

43. be familiar to 对……熟悉1Pw本库

44. be famous for 以……而著名1Pw本库

45. be fond of 爱好1Pw本库

46. be full of 充满1Pw本库

47. be good/poor at 善长于/对……比较差1Pw本库

48. be interested in 对……感兴趣1Pw本库

49. be keen on 喜爱1Pw本库

50. be late for 迟到1Pw本库

51. be located (in/on/at) 位于1Pw本库

52. be made of 由……制成1Pw本库

53. be made up of 由……组成1Pw本库

54. be on 上演, 上映1Pw本库

55. be pleased with 对……满意1Pw本库

56. be proud of 为……而感到自豪1Pw本库

57. be/get ready for 为……作准备1Pw本库

58. be surprised at 对…...感到惊奇1Pw本库

59. be thankful to sb. 对某人很感激1Pw本库

60. be/get used to(doing)sth. 习惯于(做)某事1Pw本库

61. be worried about 为……而担心1Pw本库

62. because of=thanks to 由于1Pw本库

63. belong to 属于1Pw本库

64. break into 闯入, 破门而入1Pw本库

65. by air mail 寄航空邮件1Pw本库

66. by bus 乘公共汽车1Pw本库

67. by oneself 亲自1Pw本库

68. by phone 打电话1Pw本库

69. by the way 顺便说/问一下1Pw本库

70. call on 拜访1Pw本库

71. care for 照顾; 喜欢1Pw本库

72. carry out 执行1Pw本库

73. catch (a) cold 着凉;伤风1Pw本库

74. change one's mind 改变主意1Pw本库

75. check in 办理登机1Pw本库

76. come across 偶遇1Pw本库

77. come from 来自1Pw本库

78. come on 快;走吧;跟我来;加油;得了1Pw本库

79. come to an end 结束1Pw本库

80. come to know 知道1Pw本库

81. come to life 显得逼真; 苏醒1Pw本库

82. come true 实现1Pw本库

83. communicate with 与……交流1Pw本库

84. compare with 与……比较1Pw本库

85. cover an area of 占地面积......1Pw本库

86. cut down 砍倒1Pw本库

87. deal with 处理1Pw本库

88. depend on 依靠,依赖1Pw本库

89. die of 因……病而死1Pw本库

90. do one's best 尽最大努力1Pw本库

91. do sb. a favour 帮某人忙1Pw本库

92. do some shopping 买东西1Pw本库

93. do with 处置, 处理1Pw本库

94. dream of 梦见1Pw本库

95. dress up 穿着打扮1Pw本库

96. each other 互相1Pw本库

97. eat up "吃光,吞噬"1Pw本库

98. enjoy oneself 过得愉快1Pw本库

99. enter for 报名参加1Pw本库

100. fall off 从…...跌落1Pw本库

101. far away (from) 远离1Pw本库

102. fill in 填充, 填写1Pw本库

103. find out 找出;查明;了解1Pw本库

104. finish off 完成; 吃完; 喝完1Pw本库

105. for ever 永远1Pw本库

106. for example 例如1Pw本库

107. for the first time 第一次1Pw本库

108. for the time being 暂时,眼下1Pw本库

109. from door to door 挨家挨户1Pw本库

110. from now on 从此以后; 今后1Pw本库

111. from time to time 不时;有时1Pw本库

112. get along/on (with) 进展;与…...相处1Pw本库

113. get back 返回1Pw本库

114. get in 进入;收集;收获1Pw本库

115. get in the way 挡道1Pw本库

116. get off 下车1Pw本库

117. get on 上车1Pw本库

118. get ready for 为……作准备1Pw本库

119. get rid of 摆脱1Pw本库

120. get tired of 对……感到厌倦1Pw本库

121. get to 到达1Pw本库

122. get up 起床1Pw本库

123. give back 归还;送回1Pw本库

124. give out 分发1Pw本库

125. give sb. a hand 助某人一臂之力1Pw本库

126. give up 放弃1Pw本库

127. go ahead 先走;向前走;去吧;干吧1Pw本库

128. go shopping/bowling 去购物/打保龄球1Pw本库

129. go for a swim 去游泳1Pw本库

130. go home 回家1Pw本库

131. go in for 参加;从事于;酷爱1Pw本库

132. go on 继续1Pw本库

133. go on a diet 进行节食1Pw本库

134. go on a picnic 进行野餐1Pw本库

135. go on with/doing sth. 继续做某事1Pw本库

136. go out 熄灭1Pw本库

137. go over 复习;仔细地再读一遍1Pw本库

138. go sightseeing 去观光1Pw本库

139. go to (the) hospital 去医院(看病)1Pw本库

140. go to bed 上床睡觉1Pw本库


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